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Proper planning and technique in upper-face feminization surgery are crucial to avoid complications and revisions.

The boy likely has a fungal infection causing hair loss.

The 18-year-old girl likely has a condition called müllerian agenesis, which caused her to not have a uterus and experience no menstrual periods.

A significant number of Nigerian women struggling with infertility have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, with the exact percentage varying based on the diagnostic criteria used.

The chapter concludes that diet and lifestyle changes can help manage PCOS symptoms and improve fertility.

A rare skin growth in a baby was successfully removed without coming back.

A postmenopausal woman's virilization was caused by a rare ovarian tumor that was hard to detect but was successfully treated with surgery.

Early diagnosis of PSIS can lead to normal height with growth hormone and testosterone treatment.

PCOS may start before birth, involves metabolic issues, and can be treated with drugs like metformin and lifestyle changes.

The type of PCOS a woman has doesn't strongly predict her skin or metabolic symptoms; obesity is a more important factor.

Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.

The research suggests that the ZP4 gene is linked to egg development in women with PCOS but requires more study to understand its role in infertility.

BMI is not a significant predictor of complications after gender-affirming penile inversion vaginoplasty.

Lichen planopilaris can unusually affect only the face, causing pigmentation and scarring.

Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.

Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care are crucial for managing CNOT3 syndrome.

Avoiding exposure to certain grasses can prevent skin allergies, highlighting the importance of proper sanitation.

Netherton syndrome can cause severe and chronic vulvovaginal symptoms that may improve with continuous oral contraceptives.

Gore-Tex is effective for severe congenital ptosis, with the open approach better for no lid crease and the closed approach better for a preserved crease.

Removing both ovaries can treat increased testosterone and related symptoms in postmenopausal women with ovarian hyperthecosis.

Women with PCOS may have a higher risk of respiratory and ear infections due to slower nasal mucociliary clearance.

Surgery successfully treated a hidden ovarian tumor causing hair loss and excess hair growth in a postmenopausal woman.

Androgenetic alopecia is more common in men, often linked to genetics and hormones.

Diagonal earlobe and preauricular creases may indicate higher coronary artery disease risk in men.

Adrenal androgens are important for puberty and are influenced by genetics.

New ultrasound criteria for diagnosing PCOS in North African patients were successfully established.

Higher Lnk protein levels in ovaries may lead to insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

A dark-haired Chinese girl had hair that looked banded under certain light but was normal under a microscope.

Surgical removal of a rare ovarian tumor improved symptoms and hormone levels in a postmenopausal woman.

Pmg-1 and Pmg-2 are new genes important for skin and mammary gland development.