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Glossarypermeation

movement of substances through a membrane or porous material

Permeation refers to the process by which a substance, such as a liquid or gas, passes through a porous material or membrane. In the context of hair and scalp treatments, permeation is crucial for understanding how active ingredients in topical products penetrate the skin and hair follicles to exert their effects. This process is influenced by factors like the molecular size of the substance, the properties of the membrane, and the presence of enhancers that facilitate deeper penetration.

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research Permeation of topically applied caffeine through human skin – a comparison of in vivo and in vitro data

82 citations , May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology”

Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.

research Ion pairs of risedronate for transdermal delivery and enhanced permeation rate on hairless mouse skin

34 citations , July 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics”

Ion-paired risedronate significantly increases skin penetration without irritation compared to risedronate alone.

research Skin Penetration and Permeation Properties of Transcutol® in Complex Formulations

29 citations , September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech”

Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.

research Permeation of topically applied Magnesium ions through human skin is facilitated by hair follicles

20 citations , June 2016 in “Magnesium research”

Hair follicles help magnesium get through the skin more effectively.

research Skin permeation of curcumin nanocrystals: Effect of particle size, delivery vehicles, and permeation enhancer

15 citations , February 2023 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces”

Smaller curcumin nanocrystals penetrate skin better, but additives and particle size affect absorption and accumulation.

research Skin deposition and permeation of finasteridein vitro: effects of propylene glycol, ethanol and sodium lauryl sulfate

5 citations , August 2014 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology”

Propylene glycol and ethanol increase finasteride skin absorption, sodium lauryl sulfate doesn't.

What Women Want: Quantifying the Perception of Hair Amount - An Analysis of Hair Diameter and Density Changes with Age in Caucasian Women

research What women want - quantifying the perception of hair amount: an analysis of hair diameter and density changes with age in caucasian women

61 citations , April 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Caucasian women's hair appears thickest in their 20s, with perceived thinning after mid-30s due to both decreasing density and diameter.

research Perception of men with androgenetic alopecia by women and nonbalding men in Korea: how the nonbald regard the bald

26 citations , December 2002 in “International Journal of Dermatology”

Balding men seen as older, less attractive, and less confident.

research Perception of Hair Transplant for Androgenetic Alopecia

24 citations , August 2016 in “JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery”

Hair transplants make people look more attractive, successful, approachable, and younger.

research Perception of Baldness and Hair Density

16 citations , January 2002 in “Dermatology”

Early baldness is noticed due to both reduced hair density and thinner hair shafts.

research Perception of upper lip augmentation utilizing simulated photography

12 citations , May 2019 in “Archives of Plastic Surgery”

Natural lips are perceived as more attractive, successful, and healthy than augmented lips.

Age, Health, and Attractiveness Perception of Virtual Human Hair

research Age, Health and Attractiveness Perception of Virtual (Rendered) Human Hair

11 citations , December 2016 in “Frontiers in Psychology”

Hair style affects perceptions of age, health, and attractiveness more than hair color does.

Perception of Hair Loss and Education Increases Treatment Willingness in Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia: A Population-Based Study

research Perception of Hair Loss and Education Increases the Treatment Willingness in Patients With Androgenetic Alopecica: A Population-Based Study

9 citations , January 2018 in “Annals of Dermatology”

People with more knowledge about their hair loss condition and those who see it as a serious issue are more likely to seek treatment.

research Perceptions and utilization of telemedicine for hair loss treatment: A survey-based analysis of Korean consumers

October 2025 in “JPRAS Open”

Many are open to telemedicine for hair loss if combined with in-person visits and better technology.

research Perceptions of female age, health and attractiveness vary with systematic hair manipulations

October 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Shiny, straight hair is seen as more youthful, healthy, and attractive.

research Perceptions of coastal dwellers about the effects of extreme temperature and saline water on human health: evidence from Bangladesh

August 2025 in “Frontiers in Public Health”

Coastal residents in Bangladesh link extreme temperatures and saline water to various health issues and stress the need for clean water and health education.

research Perceptions of Quality Medical Education Among Caribbean Graduate School Administrators, Faculty, and Students that Foster Student Engagement and Achievement

April 2025 in “Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research”

Interactive teaching methods improve student engagement and understanding in medical education.

research Perfectionism and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms among Men Seeking and Not Seeking Hair Transplant

December 2024 in “Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities”

Men seeking hair transplants show higher perfectionism and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.

research Perfectionism and Baldness Distress in Men

December 2023 in “European Journal of Psychology Open”

Men who are perfectionists feel more upset about baldness, partly due to aging anxiety.

research Perceptions of beauty enhancement: a case study on the use of hair extensions among Black women in the Pietermaritzburg central business district, KwaZulu-Natal.

January 2023 in “ResearchSpace (University of KwaZulu-Natal)”

research Enhancing Permeation of Drug Molecules Across the Skin via Delivery in Nanocarriers: Novel Strategies for Effective Transdermal Applications

365 citations , March 2021 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology”

Nanocarriers can improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming barriers.

research Mechanism of transdermal permeation promotion of lipophilic drugs by ethosomes

105 citations , April 2017 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine”

Ethosomes are effective for delivering drugs through the skin by penetrating deeply and targeting hair follicles.

research Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

79 citations , December 2017 in “Cosmetics”

Effective sunscreen formulations can reduce skin absorption and enhance protection.

research Keratin film made of human hair as a nail plate model for studying drug permeation

68 citations , February 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics”

Keratin films from human hair can potentially replace human nail plates for drug testing.

Measurement of Skin Permeation and Penetration of Nanoparticles for Their Safety Evaluation

research Measurement of Skin Permeation/Penetration of Nanoparticles for Their Safety Evaluation

67 citations , January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin”

Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.

Improvement in Physicochemical Parameters of DPPC Liposomes and Increase in Skin Permeation of Aciclovir and Minoxidil by the Addition of Cationic Polymers

research Improvement in physicochemical parameters of DPPC liposomes and increase in skin permeation of aciclovir and minoxidil by the addition of cationic polymers

61 citations , June 2010 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics”

Cationic polymers improved liposome stability and increased skin absorption of aciclovir and minoxidil.

research Transdermal permeation of tetracaine hydrochloride by lecithin microemulsion: In vivo

61 citations , March 2006 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces”

Lecithin microemulsion safely delivers tetracaine hydrochloride through the skin.

research Skin Permeation of Small-Molecule Drugs, Macromolecules, and Nanoparticles Mediated by a Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser: The Role of Hair Follicles

43 citations , November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research”

Fractional CO2 laser treatment significantly boosts drug and nanoparticle skin absorption, especially through hair follicles.

research Contribution of the Hair Follicular Pathway to Total Skin Permeation of Topically Applied and Exposed Chemicals

39 citations , November 2016 in “Pharmaceutics”

The hair follicle pathway significantly affects how easily water-loving chemicals pass through the skin.

research In vitro skin permeation of monoolein nanoparticles containing hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin/minoxidil complex

39 citations , April 2010 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics”

Nanoparticles improve minoxidil skin permeation, but more research needed for effective hair growth.