March 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” High-dose testosterone with finasteride improves muscle health in males with spinal cord injury.
24 citations
,
May 1951 in “Endocrinology” Adrenocorticotropic hormone inhibits growth and affects body composition in male rats.
4 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Cardiology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) worsens heart enlargement, and blocking it may help prevent heart issues.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
January 2013 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus” Cushing syndrome often causes low testosterone and sexual issues in men.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early diagnosis of PSIS can lead to normal height with growth hormone and testosterone treatment.
1 citations
,
August 2013 in “PubMed” Testosterone changes reduce thyroxin levels in rats.
8 citations
,
December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.
2 citations
,
December 2017 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone increases acidification in the vas deferens by up-regulating V-ATPase.
35 citations
,
November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
February 2017 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride for hair loss can cause erectile dysfunction due to tissue fibrosis.
27 citations
,
November 2000 in “Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B” Iodine deficiency in lambs causes poor growth, less wool, and delayed sexual maturity.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone therapy improves strength and body composition in older men with low testosterone.
11 citations
,
June 2005 in “Postgraduate Medical Journal” Some infants temporarily grow scrotal hair, which usually disappears on its own without any health issues.
1 citations
,
February 2017 in “Clinical Dermatology Open Access Journal” A rare benign tumor was found in a man's scrotum, highlighting the need for accurate diagnosis.
14 citations
,
January 2018 in “Advances in Clinical Chemistry” The document concludes that hormonal biomarkers are key for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in women and hypogonadism in men.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
1 citations
,
December 1998 in “PubMed” Surgery on a 68-year-old woman with an ovarian tumor led to reduced hirsutism and normal testosterone levels.
April 2026 in “BMJ Case Reports” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone in women and are treated by removing the ovaries.
2 citations
,
April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” The conclusion is that tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites can be made and are better converted into dihydrotestosterone in skin cells than in prostate tissue.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
27 citations
,
February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early physical exams are crucial for timely Klinefelter syndrome diagnosis.
January 1977 in “Case Reports in Medicine” Steroid cell tumors in the ovary are rare, can produce testosterone causing symptoms, and are mainly treated with surgery.
42 citations
,
May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” Testosterone boosts physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low testosterone.
19 citations
,
June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health” Using anabolic-androgenic steroids can harm men's reproductive health and increase the risk of heart problems and death.