26 citations
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December 2009 in “Laser Physics” Caffeine from shampoo penetrates hair follicles quickly and stays for at least 24 hours.
7 citations
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January 2020 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Standard nail varnish effectively prevents follicular penetration of certain substances.
34 citations
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November 1991 in “Choice Reviews Online” Neurons and synapses are key to brain function and learning.
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November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Moderately lipophilic dyes penetrate skin deeply, while highly hydrophobic or lipophilic dyes stay on the surface.
24 citations
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February 2007 in “Laser Physics Letters” Caffeine shampoo penetrates hair follicles deeply and stays for up to 48 hours.
46 citations
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October 2018 in “Neuroscience Bulletin” 64 citations
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October 2017 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Chitosan-coated nanoparticles can effectively deliver positively charged drugs through the skin using iontophoresis.
January 2024 in “Turkish Neurosurgery” Dexpanthenol helps protect the brain and improve motor skills after a stroke.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” A 4% nanoparticle concentration and 4 Hz massage improve drug delivery into hair follicles.
25 citations
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July 2019 in “Journal of drug delivery science and technology” Researchers created better skin-application menthol capsules that are stable, safe, and penetrate the skin quickly.
5 citations
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December 2016 in “Microscopy Research and Technique” EPI-NCSCs from hair follicles may help treat brain development issues in mice.
13 citations
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October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Nanocarriers could improve how drugs are delivered through the skin but require more research to overcome challenges and ensure safety.
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January 2020 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” Disrupting the skin barrier and using specific nanoparticles and solvents can improve drug delivery through the skin.
8 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation” Bioactive compounds in neurocosmetics can improve skin health and emotional well-being.
14 citations
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January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks” CBG may help with various medical conditions but needs more human research to confirm safety and effectiveness.
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December 2015 in “International journal of nanomedicine” Using sonophoresis can make it harder for certain drug-loaded liposomes to get through the skin.
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December 2015 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Sonophoresis reduces skin absorption of sodium fluorescein in certain liposomes.
39 citations
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November 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
August 2021 in “The Journal of Physiology” NKCC1 transporters help control neuron excitability and inhibition.
21 citations
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July 2015 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Increased liposome fluidity boosts skin penetration of sodium fluorescein.
67 citations
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
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November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Surface-modified nanoparticles mainly use non-follicular pathways to enhance skin permeation of ibuprofen and could improve treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.
A new imaging method helps see and study touch nerve endings in mouse skin.
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October 2002 in “Journal of controlled release” Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.
January 2015 in “SciDok (Saarland University and State Library)” Clobetasol nanocarriers can be effectively delivered to hair follicles, with uptake improved by massage and affected by particle type.
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July 1999 in “Journal of Anatomy” Methylene blue staining effectively reveals detailed nerve structures in rat snouts.
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September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
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November 2024 in “Journal of Advanced Research” Targeting NMMHC IIA may help treat blood-brain barrier damage.
April 2007 in “CRC Press eBooks” Certain vitamins in wrong amounts, alcohol abuse, metals, and other toxins can cause serious brain and nerve damage.