36 citations
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June 2014 in “PLOS ONE” Finasteride, a hair loss drug, may cause long-term sexual side effects due to changes in hormone receptor levels.
36 citations
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February 2011 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride use may cause sperm damage and infertility, stopping it can improve sperm health.
5 citations
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December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
31 citations
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January 1989 in “The Prostate/The prostate” Estradiol and castration reduced prostate cancer development in rats when applied at early stages, but were ineffective after cancer was established.
49 citations
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February 2009 in “Maturitas” Short-term testosterone therapy in women seems safe with few mild side effects, but long-term effects need more research.
October 2022 in “Miscellaneous” A rare, non-cancerous ovarian tumor was successfully treated with surgery, improving the patient's symptoms.
11 citations
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June 2005 in “Postgraduate Medical Journal” Some infants temporarily grow scrotal hair, which usually disappears on its own without any health issues.
4 citations
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December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
October 2016 in “Journal of Case Reports” A rare ovarian tumor can occur without causing male-like symptoms.
12 citations
,
June 2006 in “British Journal of Sports Medicine” Doping in football faces legal challenges with testosterone limits, hair loss treatments, and recreational drug use.
1 citations
,
May 2024 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Clomiphene Citrate can quickly restore fertility in some men after long-term steroid abuse.
43 citations
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January 2016 in “International Journal of Andrology” Finasteride caused long-term sexual and non-sexual side effects in young men with hair loss.
20 citations
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June 1985 in “Toxicologic Pathology” Some steroid-induced health issues in rodents improved after stopping treatment, but hair loss and eye problems did not.
16 citations
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June 2022 in “Transgender Health” Oocyte retrieval is possible for transgender men on testosterone therapy without affecting fertility outcomes.
5 citations
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January 2018 in “Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology” Finasteride significantly reduces fertility in male rats.
42 citations
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May 2007 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” Testosterone can build muscle and bone without enlarging the prostate when a specific enzyme is blocked.
64 citations
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August 2019 in “Circulation” ADT, especially enzalutamide, may increase the risk of heart rhythm problems and sudden death in men.
26 citations
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August 2016 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Treatments for urinary symptoms often cause ejaculatory problems.
6 citations
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January 2013 in “Urology” An 8-year-old boy with bed-wetting issues suffered a severe penile injury from tying a thread around his penis, requiring urgent medical treatment to avoid worse outcomes.
14 citations
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January 2014 in “Cells Tissues Organs” Ionizing radiation causes irreversible skin damage, with single doses leading to acute injury and hair graying, and fractional doses causing more severe long-term tissue damage.
11 citations
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January 2000 in “Der Hautarzt” Male hypogonadism affects skin and hair, causing thin skin, less hair, and skin reactions to treatment.
April 2014 in “The FASEB Journal” Testosterone reduces knee movement, while flutamide and finasteride increase it.
122 citations
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November 2014 in “BMC Medicine” Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” Finasteride use in male rats may harm their male offspring's liver function.
October 1988 in “Pediatric research” Certain maturity signs appear before and after the first release of sperm in boys.
January 2016 in “Renal Failure” Kidney stones and hair loss are significantly related in people under 60 years old.
1 citations
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October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
1 citations
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January 2004 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Low-dose finasteride can cause painful breast enlargement in men, which resolves after stopping the medication.
45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.