Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Beyond Cytotoxicity: Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Collapse and JAK-STAT Signaling
May 2026
in “
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
”
Research cited in this study
95 / 95 resultsresearch Use Of Oral Janus Kinase Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Severe Alopecia Areata: Narrative Review And Real-World Experience
Janus kinase inhibitors help some people with severe alopecia areata regrow hair, but not everyone responds, and relapses can happen.
research Down-Regulation of Shh in the Hair Follicles of Mice During Chemotherapy-Induced Hair Loss Is Mediated by the JAK/STAT1 Signaling Pathway
JAK/STAT1 pathway causes hair loss during chemotherapy by reducing Shh in hair follicles.
research Oral Minoxidil for Alopecia Treatment: Risks, Benefits, and Recommendations
Low-dose oral minoxidil can effectively promote hair growth but requires careful monitoring for safety.
research Expert Consensus for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia
Prevent persistent hair loss after chemotherapy with scalp cooling and early minoxidil use.
research Evaluating Current and Emerging JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Narrative Review
JAK inhibitors show promise for treating alopecia areata but have serious side effects.
research Cancer-Related Alopecia Risk And Treatment
Scalp cooling helps prevent hair loss during chemotherapy, and minoxidil aids regrowth.
research Safety of Alopecia Treatments in Patients With Breast Cancer and High-Risk Women: A Review
Alopecia treatments like 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone are safe for breast cancer patients and high-risk women.
research Alopecia Areata in Skin of Color: Trichoscopic Analysis in Black/African American Patients
research Short-Term Malignancy Risk of JAK Inhibitors in Severe Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter Cohort Study
JAK inhibitors do not increase cancer risk in severe alopecia areata compared to traditional treatments.
research Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: A Review of Clinical Data
JAK inhibitors effectively and safely treat alopecia areata with few serious side effects.
research Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 72 Patients
Janus Kinase inhibitors are effective and safe for treating alopecia areata, but more research is needed.
research Baricitinib-Loaded EVs Promote Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Regrowth by Reducing JAK-STAT-Mediated Inflammation and Promoting Hair Follicle Regeneration
Baricitinib-loaded EVs help hair regrowth in alopecia areata by reducing inflammation and promoting hair follicle regeneration.
research Combination Therapy With CGF and Microneedling-Assisted Compound Betamethasone for Resistant Alopecia Areata: A Pilot Study
Combining CGF and microneedling with betamethasone effectively treats resistant alopecia areata.
research Therapeutic Effect of Superficial Scalp Hypothermia on Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Scalp cooling effectively reduces hair loss in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
research Oral Minoxidil for Late Alopecia in Cancer Survivors
Oral minoxidil effectively improves hair regrowth in cancer survivors with late alopecia.
research Efficacy and Safety of Deuruxolitinib, an Oral Selective Janus Kinase Inhibitor, in Adults with Alopecia Areata: Results from the Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled Trial (THRIVE-AA1)
Deuruxolitinib effectively promotes hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata.
research Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Tofacitinib for Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 202 Patients
Tofacitinib is safe and effective for treating moderate-to-severe alopecia areata.
research Deciphering the Complex Immunopathogenesis of Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata is caused by immune attacks on hair follicles, affecting hair growth and quality of life.
research Infectious Events in Patients With Alopecia Areata Treated With JAK Inhibitors: Low Burden and Minimal Impact on Persistence in Treatment
research Interleukin-15 Is a Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Guardian
Interleukin-15 can help hair growth and protect hair follicles.
research Integrated Safety Analysis of Ritlecitinib, an Oral JAK3/TEC Family Kinase Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata from the ALLEGRO Clinical Trial Program
Ritlecitinib is safe and well-tolerated for treating alopecia areata in patients aged 12 and older.
research IL-15 in T-Cell Responses and Immunopathogenesis
IL-15 is key for T cell function and could help improve treatments for immune-related diseases.
research Controlling Hair Loss by Regulating Apoptosis in Hair Follicles: A Comprehensive Overview
Regulating cell death in hair follicles can help prevent hair loss and promote hair growth.
research IL-15 Prolongs Anagen, Stimulates Proliferation, and Suppresses Apoptosis in the Hair Matrix of Human Scalp Hair Follicles
IL-15 helps hair grow longer and stronger by extending the growth phase and reducing cell death.
research Psychological Stress-Induced Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata: Autoimmune and Apoptotic Pathways
Stress may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata by affecting immune responses and cell death in hair follicles.
research Efficacy and Safety of Ritlecitinib in Adolescents with Alopecia Areata: Results from the ALLEGRO Phase 2b/3 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
research Oxidative Stress and Alopecia Areata
Oxidative stress may contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata and antioxidants could potentially help as a treatment.
research Trichoscopy Patterns in Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yellow dots and short vellus hairs are the most common signs of Alopecia Areata (AA), and trichoscopy can help diagnose AA and track treatment progress.
research Interleukin-15 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Iraqi Patients with Alopecia Areata
IL-15 and TNF-α levels are higher in alopecia areata patients, especially in alopecia totalis.
research Selective Delivery of Tofacitinib Citrate to Hair Follicles Using Lipid-Coated Calcium Carbonate Nanocarriers Controls Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Areata
A new treatment using nanoparticles can effectively prevent and reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.
research Predominant Expression of Interleukin-17 in Chronic Alopecia Areata Compared to IFN-γ in Pathogenic Th17 Cells, Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells and Natural Killer Cells
IL-17 is more important than IFN-γ in causing severe hair loss in chronic alopecia areata.
research An Overview of JAK/STAT Pathways and JAK Inhibition in Alopecia Areata
Blocking JAK/STAT pathways can help treat hair loss from alopecia areata.
research Alopecia Areata: An Overview of the Disease and Its Genetic Basis
Understanding the genetics of alopecia areata could lead to better treatments.
research Immunohistochemistry Study of Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Alopecia Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Male Rats
Pentoxifylline helps hair regrowth in rats with hair loss.
research Ritlecitinib And Brepocitinib Demonstrate Significant Improvement In Scalp Alopecia Areata Biomarkers
Two drugs, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib, improved scalp hair loss condition markers.
research Cancer-Related Alopecia: From Etiologies to Global Management
The document concludes that understanding and managing hair loss in cancer patients is important, and more research is needed for better treatments.
research Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Response to Treatment of Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Survivors
Different types of persistent hair loss after chemotherapy respond differently to treatments.
research Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Signalling Protects Hair Follicle Stem Cells from Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Activating PPAR-γ signalling can protect hair follicle stem cells from damage caused by chemotherapy.
research Selective Inhibition of JAK3 Signaling Is Sufficient to Reverse Alopecia Areata
Blocking JAK3 signaling can reverse hair loss from alopecia areata.
research The Effect of JAK Inhibitor on Survival, Anagen Re-Entry, and Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Restoration in Human Dermal Papilla Cells
Ruxolitinib may help treat hair loss by reducing inflammation, promoting hair growth signals, and protecting hair follicle immunity.
research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege and Its Collapse in Alopecia Areata
Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.
research CDK4/6 Inhibition Mitigates Stem Cell Damage in a Novel Model for Taxane-Induced Alopecia
CDK4/6 inhibitors can protect hair cells from chemotherapy damage.
research Benefit and Risk Profile of Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tofacitinib is somewhat effective for alopecia areata, but more research is needed on its safety and long-term effects.
research Priming Mobilization of Hair Follicle Stem Cells Triggers Permanent Loss of Regeneration After Alkylating Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy causes permanent hair follicle damage by triggering stem cell loss.
research Computational Drug Discovery in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia via Text Mining and Biomedical Databases
Computational tools identified 29 drugs that could potentially target 19 genes involved in chemotherapy-induced hair loss, which could lead to more effective treatments.
research Assessment of Quality of Life and Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Persistent Postchemotherapy Alopecia
Hair regrowth treatments had modest benefits for patients with long-term hair loss after chemotherapy.
research Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Severe Alopecia Areata: An Open-Label Comparative Study
Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.
research Hair Disorders in Patients with Cancer
Cancer treatments often cause hair disorders, significantly affecting patients' quality of life, and better management methods are needed.
research Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia as Model Epithelial Stem Cell Diseases
Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.
research Cancer Risk in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Alopecia areata patients have varied cancer risks, with some cancers being lower and others higher.
research Trichoscopy of Alopecia Areata: An Update
Trichoscopy helps diagnose and monitor alopecia areata by looking at a combination of specific hair and scalp features.
research An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis
Tofacitinib may help treat severe hair loss, but more research is needed.
research Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Revisited: The Key to Alopecia Areata Management
Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.
research Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transition In A Human Organ: Lessons From Lichen Planopilaris
PPAR-γ agonists like pioglitazone may help manage lichen planopilaris but don't fully reverse scarring.
research Efficacy of Topical Tofacitinib in Promoting Hair Growth in Non-Scarring Alopecia: Possible Mechanism via VEGF Induction
Topical tofacitinib may grow hair better than minoxidil by increasing VEGF and reducing inflammation.
research Topical Janus Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pediatric Alopecia Areata
Topical JAK inhibitors may help children with alopecia areata regrow hair.
research Wound Healing Protects Against Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Young Rats via Up-Regulating Interleukin-1β-Mediated Signaling
Wound healing can help prevent hair loss from chemotherapy in young rats by increasing interleukin-1β signaling.
research Permanent Alopecia in Patients with Breast Cancer After Taxane Chemotherapy and Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy: Clinicopathologic Findings in a Cohort of 10 Patients
Some breast cancer patients developed permanent hair loss after chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, showing patterns similar to common baldness and alopecia areata.
research Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Management: Clinical Experience and Practical Advice
The conclusion is to use scalp cooling, gentle hair care, and treatments like minoxidil for managing hair loss from chemotherapy, and stresses the need for more research and collaboration in this area.
research Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Skin and Hair Disorders: A Review of Literature
JAK inhibitors show promise for treating skin and hair disorders but need more research on long-term safety and effectiveness.
research Oxidative Damage Control in a Human Mini-Organ: Nrf2 Activation Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition
Activating Nrf2 protects human hair follicles from oxidative stress and helps prevent hair growth inhibition.
research Pharmacologic Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling Promotes Hair Growth
Blocking JAK-STAT signaling can lead to hair growth.
research The Autoimmune Basis of Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review
Alopecia areata is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles.
research Alopecia Areata Is Driven by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Is Reversed by JAK Inhibition
Alopecia areata can be reversed by JAK inhibitors, promoting hair regrowth.
research Neuroendocrinology of the Hair Follicle: Principles and Clinical Perspectives
Hair follicles are hormone-sensitive and involved in growth and other functions, with potential for new treatments, but more research is needed.
research Preferential Recognition of Hydroxyl Radical-Modified Superoxide Dismutase by Circulating Autoantibodies in Patients with Alopecia Areata
Modified superoxide dismutase may trigger an autoimmune response in alopecia areata.
research Analysis of Quantitative Changes in Hair Growth During Treatment With Chemotherapy or Tamoxifen in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study
Chemotherapy causes hair loss starting soon after treatment begins and recovers about 3 months after ending, while tamoxifen does not significantly affect hair growth.
research A Genome-Wide Association Study of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Breast Cancer Patients
A specific gene variant is linked to a higher risk of hair loss from chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
research Birth, Life, and Death of the MAGE3 Hypothesis of Alopecia Areata Pathobiology
The MAGE3 hypothesis for alopecia areata did not lead to a significant breakthrough.
research Chronic Restraint Stress Inhibits Hair Growth via Substance P Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice
Chronic stress can cause hair loss by increasing oxidative stress, but antioxidants may help.
research Pathobiology of Chemotherapy-Induced Hair Loss
Chemotherapy causes hair loss by damaging hair follicles and stem cells, with more research needed for prevention and treatment.
research Exclamation Marks and Other Trichoscopic Signs of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia
Chemotherapy can cause hair changes similar to alopecia areata, which might lead to misdiagnosis.
research Black Dots Seen Under Trichoscopy Are Not Specific for Alopecia Areata
Black dots under trichoscopy can appear in different hair and scalp conditions, not just in alopecia areata.
research Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia
Chemotherapy often causes temporary hair loss, which is distressing and needs better treatment and support.
research Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) May Award Relative Protection from Interferon-γ-Induced Collapse of Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege
CGRP may help protect hair follicles from immune system attacks, potentially slowing hair loss.
research Hydroxyl Radical Mediates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells and Keratinocytes Through Bcl-2-Dependent Mechanism
Hydroxyl radicals cause hair follicle cell death during chemotherapy by reducing Bcl-2 protein levels.
research TGF-β2 Is Specifically Expressed in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Modulates Hair Folliculogenesis
TGF-β2 plays a key role in human hair growth and development.
research Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: Emotional Distress and Mitigation Strategies
Scalp cooling might reduce hair loss from chemotherapy, but evidence is weak and other treatments are being tested.
research Clinical Significance of Dermoscopy in Alopecia Areata: Analysis of 300 Cases
Dermoscopy helps diagnose and manage alopecia areata by showing specific hair changes.
research Maintenance of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege Is Linked to Prevention of NK Cell Attack
Hair follicles prevent NK cell attacks to avoid hair loss.
research Probing the Effects of Stress Mediators on the Human Hair Follicle
Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.
research Dissecting the Impact of Chemotherapy on the Human Hair Follicle
Chemotherapy damages hair follicles, causing hair loss and other cellular changes.
research Chemotherapy Targets the Hair Follicle Vascular Network but Not the Stem Cells
Chemotherapy affects blood vessels in hair follicles, not stem cells, allowing hair regrowth.
research A Guide to Assessing Damage Response Pathways of the Hair Follicle: Lessons From Cyclophosphamide-Induced Alopecia in Mice
The document concludes that assessing hair follicle damage due to cyclophosphamide in mice involves analyzing structural changes and suggests a scoring system for standardized evaluation.
research Human Hair Follicles Display a Functional Equivalent of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis and Synthesize Cortisol
Human hair follicles can produce cortisol like the body's stress response system.
research Mast Cell Deficient and Neurokinin-1 Receptor Knockout Mice Are Protected from Stress-Induced Hair Growth Inhibition
Certain mice without specific receptors or mast cells don't lose hair from stress.
research Burden of Hair Loss: Stress and the Underestimated Psychosocial Impact of Telogen Effluvium and Androgenetic Alopecia
Hair loss causes stress and affects mental health; treatment and support needed.
research Stress Inhibits Hair Growth in Mice by Inducing Premature Catagen Development and Harmful Perifollicular Inflammatory Events via Neuropeptide Substance P-Dependent Pathways
Stress stops hair growth in mice by causing early hair growth phase end and harmful inflammation through a specific nerve-related pathway.
research Recurring Chemotherapy-Associated Alopecia Areata: Case Report and Literature Review
Chemotherapy may cause recurring hair loss due to an autoimmune response.
research Indications for a Brain-Hair Follicle Axis: Inhibition of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Up-Regulation of Keratinocyte Apoptosis in Telogen Hair Follicles by Stress and Substance P
Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.
research Topical Application of Cyclosporin A Induces Rapid Remodeling of Damaged Anagen Hair Follicles in Cyclophosphamide-Administered Mice
Cyclosporin A helps damaged hair follicles regrow hair quickly.
research Do Hair Bulb Melanocytes Undergo Apoptosis During Hair Follicle Regression (Catagen)?
Hair follicle melanocytes die during hair regression.
research Reduction of Intrafollicular Apoptosis in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia by Topical Calcitriol Analogs
Topical calcitriol-analogs can reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.
research The Protective Role of the Immunomodulator AS101 Against Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: Studies on Human and Animal Models
AS101 reduces hair loss from chemotherapy.
research Histopathology of Non-Scarring Alopecia
The document describes how to tell different types of non-scarring hair loss apart by looking at hair and scalp tissue under a microscope.
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