16 citations
,
September 2018 in “Clinical Biochemistry” The document concludes that more research is needed to fully understand the causes of PCOS.
16 citations
,
February 2018 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” Diagnosing hyperandrogenism in women is complex and requires accurate testing methods and consideration of SHBG levels.
5 citations
,
April 2014 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Young Indian women with PCOS have a higher risk of heart disease, not linked to thyroid function but to higher levels of certain fats and homocysteine.
16 citations
,
December 2010 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Normal levels for certain hormones in Chinese women of reproductive age were identified.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “Cureus” Women with PCOS have higher irisin levels, which may affect their metabolism and hormones.
9 citations
,
May 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Young women with PCOS and no other heart risk factors have normal heart function.
April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Cholecystokinin may help reduce skin inflammation in psoriasis.
March 2011 in “European Urology Supplements” CEC levels may be a useful marker for predicting prostate cancer progression.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Adolescents with PCOS have higher levels of certain androgens, which are linked to hair growth but don't help diagnose PCOS better than testosterone levels.
September 2022 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dermatologists should monitor potassium levels in women taking spironolactone for acne, hair loss, and hirsutism.
91 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Different PCOS characteristics affect lipid profiles, increasing cardiovascular disease risk, so regular lipid screening is advised.
77 citations
,
March 2004 in “Human Reproduction” Women with irregular periods and/or excessive body hair are more likely to have polycystic ovaries, and this condition is linked to higher health risks.
1 citations
,
July 2025 in “BMC Medicine” PCOS affects 11% of women, highlighting the need for standardized diagnosis.
December 2021 in “THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences)” PCOS is common, affects fertility, and needs early diagnosis and lifestyle changes for management.
120 citations
,
June 2008 in “American Journal of Epidemiology” A simple screening method found that 6.3% of women in a semiurban area in Sri Lanka have polycystic ovary syndrome, with most showing menstrual irregularities.
March 2026 in “Anti-Aging Eastern Europe” PCOS treatment should be personalized based on individual symptoms and health goals.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance” This retrospective study evaluated the clinical and reproductive profiles of 95 women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) at a tertiary care hospital in India. The study found that menstrual irregularities were the most common symptom, affecting 86.3% of participants, with oligomenorrhea present in 48.4% of cases. Other prevalent symptoms included hirsutism (57.9%), acne (50.5%), obesity (45.2%), and acanthosis nigricans (30.5%). Infertility was reported in 47.4% of the women, and 71.6% exhibited bilateral polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasonography. The study concludes that PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder with significant reproductive and metabolic implications, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management to improve reproductive health and reduce long-term complications.
254 citations
,
March 2023 in “Diagnostics” The guidelines suggest reconsidering PCOS criteria for better diagnosis and care.
29 citations
,
January 1998 in “Dermatology” Many acne patients have high androgen levels, which may lead to PCOD, but treatments like oral contraceptives and antiandrogens can help.
2 citations
,
July 2009 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” A 66-year-old woman with skin lesions and other symptoms improved after treatment for porphyria cutanea tarda.
3 citations
,
December 2016 in “PubMed” Menstrual abnormalities in PCOS women may not greatly affect their metabolic and hormonal profile.
32 citations
,
October 2023 in “Biomedicines” PCOS causes inflammation regardless of body weight.
November 2025 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” The TT/DHT ratio may help identify PCOS patients with severe metabolic issues.
2 citations
,
October 2024 in “Endocrine Connections” Lower adiponectin levels are linked to higher insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
2 citations
,
July 2019 in “Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences” Perforin and granzyme-B may influence hormone levels in women with PCOS.
44 citations
,
April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.
145 citations
,
March 2010 in “Fertility and Sterility” Different types of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have varying severity, with Type I being the most severe and common.
October 2025 in “Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College” Free testosterone is the most common hormone marker in PCOS, and age affects DHEAS levels.
January 2025 in “Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics” The uric acid to creatinine ratio is a strong indicator for diagnosing PCOS.
14 citations
,
May 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Lower testosterone levels increase kidney stone risk in men over 40.