September 2024 in “Medicine” Alopecia areata may protect against graft dysfunction, while asthma may increase its risk.
248 citations
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August 2015 in “Pharmacological Research” Vaccines are generally safe, but rare autoimmune reactions can occur, often influenced by genetics.
105 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of Biological Engineering” Artificial skin grafts face immune rejection, but stem cells may improve future designs.
52 citations
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September 2021 in “Kidney International” COVID-19 vaccination may trigger lupus in some people.
39 citations
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June 2023 in “Advanced Materials” Microneedles offer a promising, painless, and efficient way to deliver vaccines and therapies directly to the skin.
19 citations
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October 2024 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” Microneedles improve delivery of plant-based compounds through the skin, aiding treatments for hair loss, cancer, and wounds.
4 citations
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November 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” COVID-19 may worsen Parkinson's disease by affecting certain brain proteins.
2 citations
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September 2025 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Extracellular vesicles can help treat skin issues like wounds, hair loss, aging, and inflammation.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 3D human skin models show promise for dermatology but face challenges in standardization and cost.
October 2025 in “Bioactive Materials” Combining traditional Chinese medicine with microneedles shows promise for effectively treating skin diseases with fewer side effects.
January 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Pediatric alopecia areata is more immune-active than adult cases, suggesting age-specific treatments and potential use of JAK inhibitors.
253 citations
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December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair follicles prevent NK cell attacks to avoid hair loss.
114 citations
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August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.
50 citations
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March 2021 in “Annals of Translational Medicine” More research is needed to understand and treat morphea effectively.
36 citations
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December 2021 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Two drugs, ritlecitinib and brepocitinib, improved scalp hair loss condition markers.
11 citations
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September 2024 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” Hair regrows faster in alopecia areata than skin re-pigments in vitiligo due to differences in stem cells and treatment effects.
9 citations
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April 2024 in “Heliyon” Probiotics may help with hair growth and dandruff, but more research is needed.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “Acta Dermato Venereologica” Higher inflammation markers are linked to more severe alopecia areata.
3 citations
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April 2023 in “Cytotechnology”
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Microbiology” Skin bacteria help heal wounds and restore healthy skin.
March 2022 in “Wound practice & research” New treatments for alopecia areata show promise, but standardized guidelines are needed.
January 2020 in “Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition” Low zinc levels in chronic liver disease patients are linked to more severe symptoms like taste issues and skin problems, and zinc supplements might help.
15 citations
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January 2023 in “Journal of Translational Autoimmunity” Melatonin may help treat skin conditions.
10 citations
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September 2021 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” Tiny particles called extracellular vesicles show promise for treating skin conditions and promoting hair growth.
3 citations
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October 2023 in “Military Medical Research/Military medical research” Regulatory T cells help heal skin and grow hair, and their absence can lead to healing issues and hair loss.
November 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” Bioprinting is improving skin models for better testing of skin diseases without using animals.
365 citations
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November 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” People with atopic dermatitis have different skin bacteria, and targeting these bacteria might help treat the condition.
353 citations
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November 2014 in “Molecular immunology” Porcine skin is very similar to human skin, making it a useful model for research.
181 citations
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December 2017 in “Trends in immunology” Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes are crucial for gut immunity and maintaining the mucosal barrier.
134 citations
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July 2020 in “Experimental dermatology” Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.